What is Hot Water Spring

A hot water spring is a spring that is produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater from the Earth's crust. There are geothermal hot springs in many locations all over the crust of the earth.


The water issuing from a hot spring is heated by geothermal heat, i.e., heat from the Earth's mantle. In general, the temperature of rocks within the earth increases with depth. The rate of temperature increase with depth is known as the geothermal gradient. If water percolates deeply enough into the crust, it will be heated as it comes into contact with hot rocks. The water from hot springs in non-volcanic areas is heated in this manner.

In active volcanic zones such as Yellowstone National Park, water may be heated by coming into contact with magma (molten rock). The high temperature gradient near magma may cause water to be heated enough that it boils or becomes superheated. If the water becomes so hot that it builds steam pressure and erupts in a jet above the surface of the Earth, it is called a geyser. If the water only reaches the surface in the form of steam, it is called a fumarole. If the water is mixed with mud and clay, it is called a mud pot.

Note that hot springs in volcanic areas are often at or near the boiling point. People have been seriously burned and even killed by accidentally or intentionally entering these springs.

List of hot springs
There are hot springs on all continents and in many countries around the world. Countries that are renowned for their hot springs include China, Costa Rica, Iceland, Iran, New Zealand, Peru, United States, Taiwan, and Japan, but there are hot springs in many other places as well:

• The Frying Pan Lake in Waimangu Volcanic Rift Valley, New Zealand. It is the world's largest hot spring.
• The Boiling Lake hot spring in Dominica. It is the second largest hot spring in the world.
• The Maquinit Hot Spring in Busuanga Island, Northern Palawan, Philippines. The only known salty hot spring in Asia.
• The Geysir hot springs in Iceland are the source of the word "geyser".
• Rincon de la Vieja National Park in Guanacaste, Costa Rica, is a famous area for different types of springs, Hot Springs, Sulfur Springs and Volcanic Mud Springs Rincon de la Vieja Volcano National Park.
• The town of Spa, Belgium is the origin of the word "spa" and features springs with water temperatures of 32 °C (90 °F). Casanova visited Spa in 1783 looking for business opportunities but was disappointed.[30]
• Aachen, Germany has the hottest springs of continental Europe with water temperatures of 74 °C (165 °F).
• There are more than 275 hot springs registered in Chile including South America's largest hot spring source in Liquiñe.[citation needed]
• The Yangbajing hot springs field about 87 km. north of Lhasa in Tibet is several square kilometers in size, and used to supply a large fraction of the electricity of Lhasa. At an altitude between 4,290 and 4,500 m (14,070 and 14,800 ft), this is a strong candidate for the set of highest altitude hot springs on earth.
• Taiwan, is ranked among one of the world's top hot spring sites, harboring a great variety of springs, including hot springs, cold springs, mud springs, and seabed hot springs.
• Icaria, Greece features a radioactive hot water spring that has been used since the 4th century BCE.
• There are numerous hot springs in Greenland, such as on Uunartoq island near Alluitsup Paa. There are over 2000 hot springs just on Disko Island, which has an area only 0.4% of that of Greenland.
• The closest town to Machu Picchu in Peru is Machu Picchu Pueblo, which features several hot springs. The local name for Machu Picchu Pueblo is Aguas Calientes.
• Widely renowned since a chemistry professor's report in 1918 classified them as one of the world's most electrolytic mineral waters, the Rio Hondo Hot Springs in northern Argentina have become among the most visited on earth.[31] The Cacheuta Spa is another famous hot springs in Argentina.
• Iceland has many famous hot springs, including the one feeding the Blue Lagoon spa in Grindavík, Iceland, and Europe's highest flow rate hot spring Deildartunguhver. Deildartunguhver's water emerges at 97 °C (207 °F) and is piped many miles to heat neighboring towns.
• One of the highly potential geothermal energy reservoirs in India is the Tattapani thermal springs of Madhya Pradesh.[32][33]
• Shiretoko National Park in Hokkaidō, Japan has a hot springs waterfall called Kamuiwakkayu-no-taki, which translates as "river of the gods" in the Ainu language.
• Northwest Spitsbergen National Park, Spitsbergen at 80 degrees north, contains two of earth's most northerly hot springs.
• There are many geothermal springs in the UK, but the thermal springs found in the town of Bath produce the highest temperature geothermal water in the UK.
• Oymyakon in eastern Siberia is a candidate for the coldest permanently-inhabited location in the Northern Hemisphere and another hot springs site. The Yakut language word "oymyakon" means "river doesn't freeze" after the local tributary of the Indigirka River fed by the hot springs which continues to flow year round in this permafrost region.
• Being located in the "Pacific Ring of Fire", Japan is in a volcanic region, and is home to many hot springs. The onsen (a Japanese word for "hot spring") plays a notable role in Japanese culture. Visiting an onsen is a quintessential Japanese experience and is a popular tourist activity.
• Chutsen Chugang Hot Springs are located on the grounds of the Zhoto Terdrom / Tidro Nunnery, at an altitude of 4400 meters in Maldrogongkar / Mozhugongka County, Lhasa, Tibet. Buddhist nuns and the "hot spring snake" both live near this set of high altitude hot springs.
• There is a hot spring on Deception Island in Antarctica.
• Champaign Hot Springs is a shallow submarine geothermal spring system along the coast of the island of Dominica, Lesser Antilles.[34]
• Australia Peninsula Hot Springs are located one and a half hours drive South of Melbourne on the Mornington Peninsula. 47 °C (117 °F) waters flow from 637 meters to the surface and into private baths and pools.
• Bela-Bela (formerly Warmbaths) in Limpopo Province, South Africa.
• Sirch (Kerman), Sar'eyn (Ardabil) and Geno (Bandar Abbas) are notable hot springs in Iran.
• Russia, Far East, Kamchatka (Kamchatka), "Paratunka" for example and many other.[35]
• Hot Springs National Park has 47 hot springs at Hot Springs Mountain in the town of Hot Springs, Arkansas USA.
• Savusavu, Fiji. Hot springs all over the town as well as on the beach, where steam can be seen rising from the water at low tide.
• Lake Hévíz is close to the city of Hévíz, Hungary. The lake water temperatures range between 23-25 °C in winter and 33-36 °C in summer.

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